ICANN: Introduction and history

The Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers, better known as ICANN, is a non-profit organization which was founded on September 18th, 1998. Its slogan is “One world, one Internet.” The ICANN’s current President and CEO is Mr. Goran Marby and its Chair of the Board is Mr. Steve Crocker. It is located in Los Angeles, California and its headquarters is in the Playa Vista neighborhood of Los Angeles. ICANN’s main focus is the coordination of the maintenance and the procedures of several databases related to the name spaces of the Internet and thereby making sure of the network’s stability and to secure the operation.

History
Before this corporation was established, the Internet Assigned Numbers Authority’s (IANA) function of administering the registries of Internet Protocol identifiers was completed by a computer science researcher, Jon Postel. With the growth and global expansion of the Internet, the United States department of Commerce saw the need and established a new organization to perform the IANA’s function.

As a result of this, an agency of the United States Department of Commerce, The National Telecommunications and Information Administration, put forward a proposal to improve the technical management of the Internet names and addresses. This proposed rule-making or the “Green Paper” proposed many actions that could privatize the management of Internet names and addresses in such a manner that it allowed for the development of competition and also facilitated global participation in the management of the Internet at the same time. At last, the Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN) was formed as a result of this policy. The founding chairwoman of the ICANN is Esther Dyson, an entrepreneur and a philanthropist.

The primary responsibility of the ICANN was policy formation and this responsibility was to be delegated to three supporting organizations according to its organization’s bylaws. The three supporting organizations are the Address Supporting Organization, the Domain Name Supporting Organization, and the Protocol Supporting Organization. Each of these organizations was to develop a substantive policy, within their scope for the management of identifiers. They were also supposed and required to be financially independent from the ICANN. On September 29th, 2006, the ICANN signed a memorandum of understanding (MOU) with the United States Department of Commerce. According to this document, the Department of Commerce was given oversight over some of the ICANN operations. On March 10th, 2016, the ICANN and the DOC signed a historic agreement. This agreement was to finally remove the ICANN and the IATA from the oversight and the control of the Department of Commerce of the United States. Finally, on October 1st, 2016, the ICANN was at last was freed from the United States government’s oversight.

    RECENT ARTICLE

  • Why you should buy bathroom holders
  • Here’s What You Need to Know about the Eligibility Criteria for SafeLink’s Lifeline Program
  • Reasons why you should choose blinds over curtains
  • 6 big data analytics tools that are in trend right now

YOU MAY ALSO LIKE

  • Canine blood disorders
    Canine blood disorders are classified into two forms genetic (or co genetic) while other is acquired through some pathological factors such as viruses, tumors, bacteria etc. Just like humans, canine blood also has many parts like blood cells, plasma and platelets. Deficiency or defect in any of these can lead to a form of blood disorder, which can be life threatening in some ways. Following are some disorders that you should be aware of : Anemia One of the common blood disorder, anemia occurs due to reduced blood circulation in a part or the whole body. There are different causes of anemia. It could be due to parasitic infestation or due to excessive bleeding. Based on these conditions there are 2 types of anemia regenerative and non-regenerative anemia. The former is caused due to excessive bleeding due to massive destruction of blood tissues. This condition can be recovered through medications and even blood transfusions. Non-regenerative anemia results in permanent defect in the blood. It is either caused by severe damage of blood cells or due to factors like cancer, defects in bone marrow. This defect is usually seen in spaniels and can be very expensive to treat. Coagulation disorder this type of blood disorder is usually seen in puppies. The coagulation defect occurs due to deficiency of different coagulating factors such as abnormal thrombin, post partum hemorrhage. Puppies born with this type of disorder might die soon after birth or might suffer with lifelong anemia. There are some viral, bacterial toxins, and other factors such as heat strokes and tumors that can cause a vascular disorder resulting in a coagulation disorder. Platelet Disorder Also called as "canine thrombocytopenia" , it is a type of blood disorder in which the body fails to produce sufficient amount of thrombocytes or platelets. It is caused by Ehrlichial disease. This disease occurs due to infection of ehrlichial canis (ticks). It also occurs due to side effects of some medications like sulfanomides or estrogen. Leukopenia Leukopenia is the condition where there is increased count of white blood cells. This condition is seen during several viral or bacterial infections. Thus is usually a trigger response to the infection. Leukocytosis is the condition in which there is a massive reduction in WBC in canine blood. This is also a result of viral or bacterial that the canine might be suffering from. It is very important to consult a vet right away if you happen to observe signs such as prolonged bleeding, pale gums, progressive weakness, blood in stool. The vet will diagnose the condition and provide the required treatment for the condition.
  • The different types of car engines that must know about
    Ever wondered how a car engine looks like? The hood of your car secures the main machine, and the jumble of wires with metal can be overwhelming, especially for the uninitiated. However, the engine is the reason why your car can be driven around, and it is great to have knowledge about the car engines. Moreover, if you are buying a new car, understanding engines will help you make an informed choice. Here are the different types of car engines. Inline engine - In an inline car engine, the cylinders are arranged in a line. The cylinders are mounted one behind another and are placed in the upward direction. This is a common configuration that is used across several types of cars as it is more compact and fuel efficient. An inline engine is popularly employed in hatchback cars. V engine - In a V car engine, the cylinders and pistons are aligned in a 'V' position. The two plans run in a shape that appears to be a 'V' from the top. The engines are shaped in the design to add to its functionality. The weight of the engine is reduced, and the length is shorter as compared to the inline engines. W car engines - The W engine can be credited to Volkswagen as the car company employs this engine type for commercial use. The W engines use the principle that is not very different from the V engines. In a W engine, the cylinders appear as if they are squished together as they are placed closely in one block. Most car manufacturers steer away from using the W engine. However, it is notably used in cars like the Bugatti Veyron and Bentley Mulsanne. OPOC engine - OPOC car engines are built with two cylinders at the two ends. The engine is devoid of valves and is different from the more conventionally built car engines. OPOC engines are smaller in size and also have a low bearing load. The fictions felt with these types of engines is lesser and the high power makes them a preferred choice for many vehicles. The cylinder arrangement can help in identifying the type of engine fitted inside a car. The type of engine will greatly impact the efficiency of the vehicle. All the above engine types demand a different set of maintenance rules and a mechanic can help you sort out any further doubts.
  • Tips to sell your motorcycle

    Certain people have the habit of changing their old bikes with the newer bikes that are in trend. It is obvious that the rate of the bike drops from the actual purchase coast according to the mileage, model and condition. Pre-owned vehicles are on demand than the new ones as they are cheap in price and so consumers can use it for a while and change when its time. People will try to bargain. So, make sure to follow the tips to sell your motorcycle for a better rate.

    • Clean the bike: Appearance matters when someone buys a product and when its pre-owned, they become more cautious. So, keep in mind and make sure that your bike looks appealing to the customer. Give it a general clean up. Make sure there is no calcium built up on battery terminals. Clean the chain, and spray new lubes on the parts and touch up on paint if required if your bike looks rusty.
    • Remove accessories: It is important to sell the bike as it was sold to you without any additional accessories. The customer may not like them and if those are worn out then it is best to remove all of them because it would depreciate the look.
    • Fix a price: Do research online and refer two or more service centers on fixing the price for your vehicle. Fix a high price at the beginning so that even if the buyer negotiates you can sell it for profit.
    • Give it for service: Even if you maintain your bike regularly, it is advisable to give the bike for service and ensure it is checked by the mechanic, so that you will have a peace of mind to see someone ride off on it safely.
    • Gather all documents: You cannot sell a bike without its documents. Keep everything ready like the ownership proof, finance details, remaining warranty and maintenance details. The buyers may want to refer to the papers before spending for it.
    • Meeting potential buyers: Share the picture of your motorcycle for advertising and make sure you don't disclose the address as it could be easy for theft. Meet two more customers and sell it for a better price.
    • Dealership option: Many people sell their bike to dealers for better rate and people prefer to buy from dealers to get a quality bike. By selling it to dealers you can save money on advertisement, time spent waiting and avoid negotiation with buyers.
  • Kitchen Appliances to Make Cooking Easier and Quicker
    Cooking is an art and to make it perfect, taking help of technology is handy. It is said that with good food, you can make everyone happy. What kitchen appliances can actually do is make your food not only look perfect but also taste perfect. Kitchen appliances include a range of products which help you in more ways than you can imagine and create an environment in your kitchen which facilitates a happy household. The kitchen appliances can also be considered as a good gift for your partner when you see them struggling in the kitchen and spending a long time in preparing delicious food.

    How to choose the right kitchen appliances

    There is a range of appliances which you can choose from. However, to facilitate efficient work in your kitchen, you need to choose the right product. For example, if you need a microwave oven, a grilling machine is not an alternative. Also, checking the rating and guarantee of the product is very important. Kitchen appliances are available at affordable rates, which helps you save up on your spending as well. Purchasing energy-efficient kitchen appliances is a great way to save a few bucks. From refrigerators to juicers to mixers to microwave oven, everything which makes your cooking process shorter and the food tastier is available in the market.
    Microwaves and electric kettles
    If you prefer baking delicious cakes rather than buying them from the bakery, then buying a microwave might just make your life easier. Microwave ovens not only help you make cakes but also help you reheat food and even make a different variety of foods in a lesser time than your regular oven. With kitchen appliances, your dream of having a fancy restaurant breakfast, with waffles made to perfection, can also be achieved. The waffle maker enables you to make waffles crispier than ever and impress everyone at home with your cooking skills. We have all faced a situation when making coffee that the water boils out of proportion because you are busy with some work and it spills all over the kitchen burdening you with more work. Well, not anymore! Kitchen appliances also include the electric kettle, which lets you boil water, make tea and coffee without any hassle and in a lesser time. All you need to do is switch on the kettle, and let the machine do its own work. Some of these kettles even alert you when the work is done helping you further with keeping no watch over them.
    Electric grills and burners
    Many of us are afraid of fire, and cooking erstwhile always required fire. But with electric grill and burner, you don’t even need fire to have a perfectly grilled steak or vegetables. But, that’s not all you can even fry your potato or chicken without any fire. The electric fryer ensures that your chicken comes out crispy and fried evenly on all sides with lesser oil. Not only does it help you lessen the work, but it also helps with reducing the oil intake.
    High-end refrigerators
    Among kitchen appliances, the refrigerator is nothing new. However, with the evolving technology and a wide range of refrigerators available in the market, you are spoilt for choice. However, you must choose one based on your needs. For example, if you need something which freezes food, keeps it fresh, and is also able to make ice cream with the perfect consistency, then an advanced version of the refrigerator is a must.
    Ice cream maker
    If you are someone who likes to make their own ice cream. An ice cream maker is a must for perfecting the art of making delicious ice creams. At the end of the day, while buying kitchen appliances, you must always keep in mind the space in your kitchen, needs of your kitchen, and affordability. This will help you make the right decision.
  • Popular pastime activities involving metal detectors

    Metal detecting as a hobby is greatly rewarding. To passionate hobbyists it is exercise, a stress buster and vacation, all packed in a single activity. Metal detection, however, is not just one isolated activity. It has its types. Check out this list of popular metals detecting hobbies that people around the world enjoy!

    Coin shooting
    Coin shooting usually happens after an event like a baseball match. After the game is over numerous people assemble looking for slipped or lost coins to make some legitimate, cold hard cash. Many coin shooters also conduct independent explorations and historical research by going on sites with potential historical and collectible coins.

    Prospecting
    Prospecting generally is the first stage of a geological analysis before exploration. Metal detectors are of great significance to gold prospectors looking for valuable metals deep within the soil. Prospecting in terms of metal detection is a term for looking for precious metals like gold, silver or copper in their natural state or forms. Hobbyist prospect in the search of gold or silver nuggets or flakes.

    Lost and found
    Several people use metal detectors for discarded or valuable gadgets like mobile phones, cameras and other man-made objects that are lost or misplaced. In case you lost your article in water, you may be able to retrieve it with the help of waterproof metal detector that help search submerged objects in shallow waters.

    Beach combing
    This activity usually involves hunting for coins, jewelry and other articles on sea shores and beaches. The activity requires an individual to comb or search the beach and inter tidal areas for things of value, interest or utility. Modern beach combers follow tide movements on the beach and find natural objects that the sea casts aside. Some passionate beachcombers study storms, ocean currents, seasonal events and geography to determine the possibility and onset of rare objects and valuable finds.

    General metal detecting
    This is quite like coin shooting with the exception that the seeker is interested in all kinds of historical and cultural artifacts. Most sincere detectors are interested not only in finding artifacts but in also preserving and studying them. Most common finds that relic hunters are interested in include coins, bullets, axe heads, bullets, knives, jewelry, weapons and the like. Generally, the potential of finding historically valuable finds are higher in parts of Europe and Asia than in the rest of the world.

  • An overview of the iPhone 12 mini and its specs

    Apple has just announced the launch of the iPhone 12 and its variants, including the mini. So, obviously, that is all the Internet is talking about. The iPhone 12 mini is the smallest smartphone in the market currently, and it has a stunning new design and an array of innovative features. It is made with 5G technology and runs on the Apple-designed A14 Bionic chip, which is known to be the fastest chip in a smartphone.

    iOS 14
    The iPhone 12 mini features the new and improved iOS 14, which allows you to use redesigned widgets and customize them to different sizes. You can also tag them on the Home Screen page. It also allows you to have easy and organized access to all your apps in the App Library. There are several other ways you can use your apps to navigate in an easy and enhanced manner.

    Camera

    The iPhone 12 mini 5g offers an advanced dual-camera system that consists of a 12MP wide lens with an f/1.6 aperture and a 12MP ultra-wide lens with an f/2.4 aperture and 120-degree field of view.

    This camera is the first and only one to enable an end-to-end Dolby Vision experience so far. It also allows you to record HDR videos that retain their Dolby Vision grading while editing in the Photos app or iMovie.

    With this new camera, you can also record time-lapses in Night mode due to longer exposure times for sharper videos and smoother exposure in low-light scenarios when used with a tripod.

    Design and Durability

    The iPhone 12 Mini is now the smallest, thinnest, and lightest 5G smartphone in the world, and it gives you access to all the features and specifications of the iPhone 12 in a sleek and compact size. It features an all-screen Super Retina XDR display, which provides an immersive edge-to-edge display and almost twice the peak brightness of the iPhone 11.

    The brand new design of the iPhone 12 is extremely durable and absolutely gorgeous, as it features a new Ceramic Shield front cover to protect your phone. It also features an impressive and sleek flat edge design with an aerospace-grade aluminum enclosure that allows the phone to show 4x better drop performance.

    The latest iPhone 12 mini 5g has an IP68 rating for water resistance, which is the best in the industry. It can sustain for up to 30 minutes in water. Rest assured, your phone will survive the occasional coffee or water spill.

    Accessories
    The iPhone 12 Mini is compatible with wireless charging options provided by Magsafe that are easy-to-attach. This enables you to have a smooth and efficient charging experience. These chargers offer up to 15W of power and also accommodate the existing Qi-enabled devices.