The first tires were made of bands of leather and in time with steel and even wood. Craftsmen who work on tires were called as the wheelwrights. Air-filled car tires was a major step forward in the industry as its shock absorbent levels were very high, though the solid rubber tires were preferred as they were durable. In 1898 Goodyear tire and Rubber Company was founded and was considered the first firm in this industry. For the next half-century, car tires had an inner tube which had compressed air and an outer tube which protected the inner tube. Michelin introduced the first steel belted car tires into the market and these aided in longer life and better steering control. The tire was protected by a steel fabric that runs around the circumference of the tire. The first patent on a wheel came up in the mid-1800's; it was not until the early 1900’s did synthetic tires came along. And since then, the technology that goes into tires have only grown. The tires of this day and age have superior grip, performance, and durability. They have greater shock absorption, superior traction, and brilliant sustenance. In the past few years many new modern concepts of tires have come up, one such amazing idea is the shape shifting tire, the usage of an e-membrane which adapts to driving methods and terrain have been introduced. A tire that uses the heat generation during the drive to make energy and transfers it to the battery of the car was also put up a few years ago. And perhaps one of the most important concepts, tires that adapt to the weather. The next few decades will certainly see great leaps forward in this industry that shall benefit every user around the world.

Samsung smartphones do not need an introduction as they have been reigning the market for a long time. The brand continues to maintain its strong foothold in the technological world with its amazing smartphones and other gadgets. In fact, Samsung announced its much-awaited Samsung Galaxy Note 10 and Note 10 Plus on August 7, 2019, and this has lead to prospective smartphone buyers deliberating on whether it is worth upgrading to the latest Samsung Note 10. This phone is available for pre-order starting August 8 and goes on sale on August 23. With Samsung Note 10, Samsung has unveiled a smartphone that combines the user experience of a computer, gaming console, a movie-tech camera, and an intelligent pen in one compact device! You can even say that the Samsung Note 10 is the company's easiest-to-use S Pen-toting phone till date. If you are considering buying a new phone and are curious to gauge whether the latest Samsung Note 10 fits the bill, here are certain things about the device that will you help you make an informed choice. Design We tend to favor things that appeal to our aesthetic sense. So, there are high chances that your decision would be in favor of the Samsung Note 10 as it is hands-down one of the most striking phones of the year. If you want an impressive phone, you should consider buying the Samsung Note 10 in the Aura Glow color; it gives off a silvery iridescence that changes hues when light hits it at different angles. This phone is also available in Aura White, Aura Red, Aura Pink, and Aura Black. Samsung Note 10 feels just right in your hands and offers a respite from the usual bulky phones. It is 6.3 inches long and has a slightly smaller screen than the earlier 6.4 inches Samsung Note 9. However, Samsung Note 10 is thinner and lighter than its predecessor and wins brownie points for this. Another prominent change that accompanies the Samsung Note 10 is that there's no headphone jack; it ditched the 3.5-millimeter, and the microSD card slot for a sleeker design. Also, the power button and the volume controls are on the left side of the phone, which has evoked mixed feelings from users. Display Samsung Note 10's display is quite impressive. It has an on-screen Ultrasonic Fingerprint scanner that offers vault-like security, and it detects the 3D ridges and valleys of your fingerprint for invisible security. Also, it features a 6.3-inch Infinity-O display that offers an uninterrupted view as the front camera is tiny and is discreetly positioned. Since the bezels are pushed way back, you'll get a truly great view. With Samsung Note 10, you can enjoy a cinematic experience irrespective of whether it is bright or dark outside. This is made possible with its HDR10+ certified with Dynamic Tone Mapping for playback with tone and contrast in accordance with how it is intended to be seen. So, if you are viewing HRD10+ content on YouTube, it will be vivid and exciting. S Pen The S Pen is amazing, but some of the features are more gimmicky than useful. The S Pen on the Samsung Note 10 can convert handwriting to text, and you can scribble a note using the Screen off memo feature. This note can be saved and exported to a Word doc, PDF, or other file and sent out. Also, the new Air Actions gestures for the S Pen require minimal efforts. There's an added feature to the S Pen—AR Doodle. This feature allows you to create viral moments; you can draw on a live view of a subject or multiple subjects. You can draw on them (on the faces), and whatever you draw will travel with them as they move about the frame. Cameras Samsung Note 10's new camera system brings top-notch movie technology to mobile and makes it easy to use. This multi-camera system gives you the power to go from shoot to edit instantly. The back of the phone has a triple-camera set up that includes a wide-angle 12MP shooter and an ultra-wide 16MP camera that captures 123-degree photographs. It also has a 12 MP telephoto lens that's limited to 2x optical zoom. Samsung's video prowess is what stands out in its latest rendition. The phone has a Live Focus mode for video and lets you blur out the background or add special effects. The phone harbors a single 10MP front camera that shoots wide-angle selfies. The Night Mode delivers better results even in dim conditions. Battery life In terms of battery life, the Samsung Note 10 is powered by a 3,500mAh battery. It is smaller than its predecessor, but the low screen resolution can ensure that it consumes less power. Also, it will provide good endurance. This smartphone comes with a 25-watt charger, which helps your phone get from 0% to 100% in less than an hour. Though the specs are quite impressive, people might be a little apprehensive about the smaller battery or the absence of a headphone jack. However, if these factors are out of the picture, you are left with a smartphone offers faster performance, improved productivity features, better cameras, and an enhanced S Pen. You can now decide whether you are willing to spend $949.99 for pre-ordering the compact yet powerful Samsung Galaxy Note 10.

If you pay more taxes to the government than you are liable to, you are eligible for a tax refund, for which the government will give you a check for the amount overpaid by you. Who receives a tax refund? Any taxpayer who has overpaid the taxes in a particular year will receive a tax refund. In order to receive a refund, it is important to file the income tax return. Depending on the amount you receive in the form of a refund, you can use the same to meet your financial needs. You can determine the amount that needs to be received with the help of a tax refund calculator. How can you track the refund? If you are able to track the amount of refund you will be receiving, you can use it in an organized manner. This means you may to need to track the tax documents, receipts, and the forms throughout the year. It is advised to track important papers like property tax forms, student loan interest documents, charitable contributions, and other tax documents that are relevant to your financial life. It is ideal to begin early with tax planning so that you have enough time for tax credits. It also helps if you file the tax returns early. A tax preparer can help you make the most of a situation if you are not proficient with it. If you who do not receive the entire amount of refund, you need not worry. You can amend the tax return within 36 months of the original date of filing. Where is your refund? About 90% of the requested refunds are delivered within a period of 21 days of filing. The status of the refund can be tracked and tax filers can opt to receive it via a check, or you can ask for it to be delivered via an electronic transfer. You need to remember that the IRS might keep your refund on hold in case you have outstanding debts like student loan bills. Once you pay those debts, you will get the entire refund. Receiving a refund depends on your financial situation. It also varies from one person to another. You need to check your tax situation and the liability in order to determine whether you will receive the refund. Once you receive the tax refund, you may use it wisely to improve your current financial situation.

There are many individuals who cannot afford to go to rehab and drug alcohol treatment centers. Bearing the financial cost becomes difficult for them if they are unemployed, homeless, or struggling physically or emotionally. Entering a program seems impossible if there is no money available. It is beyond the family to afford rehab and home detox is not the solution. Public assistance and free rehab centers do exist; however, these would not have that many services as a luxury alcohol rehab center would. There are many options available for people who wish to seek drug alcohol treatment centers for less money or even for free. Start your search: Your search can start by looking up the government's initiative SAMHSA (Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration). They provide help to addicts at their homes. It is not easy to know if they provide free help without getting in touch with the state agencies. State-funded rehab: The state-funded drug and alcohol rehabilitation services help can be accessed by those with no income or insurance. They have to be an official resident of the state (as per the state’s definition), should have valid proofs of a lack of income and insurance, should be a legal resident of the US, and should provide proof of their addiction status and need for intervention. Depending on which state you reside in, there may be other requirements before he/she is accepted into the treatment program. After all the requirements are fulfilled, the state will deem that the client cannot pay and may provide free treatment at various levels through their clinics /treatment centers. To get free rehab services, one can get in touch with the state/local mental health or substance abuse agency. They have many health agency networks working within the government. SAMHSA makes it easy for people to find out whom to contact. State government websites also provide valuable information on how to apply for these services. Faith-based rehab centers: Salvation Army Adult Rehabilitation Center, Harbor Light Detox, Orthodox Jewish Chabad movement recovery program, JACs – Jewish community addiction resource group, Alcoholics Victorious, and Christians in Recovery are some popular addiction treatment centers in the country. These provide religious motivation, counseling, and support group programs. These faith-based programs are free. Provisions: Depending on who is providing the source funding, free rehab can include services from intensive inpatient care to simple outpatient medical maintenance. State-funded programs are likely to cover the full range of treatment though they may not have the current technology or methods available. Qualification criteria: To avail the services of free rehab, the qualifying factor is the inability to pay. Other qualifications include being a resident of the state where treatment is provided, being pregnant or a war veteran, or a member of the faith community that runs the specific faith-based rehab.

It is estimated that more than 21.5 million adults in the country have battled with drugs or alcohol addiction. Although alcohol and drug abuse disorders are hereditary in almost 50% of the cases, environmental factors are equally responsible for the addiction issues. Dealing with substance abuse is very difficult. The process of de-addiction and alcohol rehab becomes relatively simpler if the drug and alcohol rehabilitation centers are good. Here are a few things that should be checked to ensure the rehabilitation center has the most effective treatments.

• Long track records - Look for alcohol treatment centers that have been in the field for a long time. A long track record ensures that the treatment center has been doing good work and has an experienced staff. A rehab center that has a track record of less than five years might turn out to be unethical or opportunistic. Although some may follow ethical business practices, their staff experience might not be very extensive. Some of the oldest alcohol rehab centers are in California, Texas, Florida, and Connecticut.
• Location - Some of the states have the best drug and alcohol rehabilitation centers. This is because these centers have been helping people deal with substance abuse for a long time and have established a good track record. Alcohol rehab centers in California, Arizona, and Washington have been known to be quite good.
• Luxury versus quality - Many drug and alcohol rehabilitation advertise themselves as luxury centers with high-end facilities such as swimming pools, private rooms, and scenic locations. There are many such luxury alcohol rehab centers in California (Malibu), Hamptons, and Pennsylvania. However, luxury facilities do not imply quality rehabilitation. Check whether the rehab center has effective counseling services, excellent staff supervision, and a good staff-to-patient ratio.
• Cross-check facilities - Some patients with substance abuse problems may require help for depression, anxiety, or other clinical conditions. Call the rehab center to ask whether counseling for such conditions is provided along with counseling for substance abuse. Also, cross-check through calls or personal visits to know whether the rehabilitation center has all the facilities that it states on its website. Some inpatient alcohol rehab centers advertise facilities on their websites that they might not have.

Metastatic breast cancer is a kind of breast cancer that has spread to other organs or lymph nodes surrounding the breast. Although incurable, there is treatment which can delay its progression and relieve its symptoms. Metastatic breast cancer patients usually survive for 18 to 24 months. Metastatic Breast Cancer Symptoms Metastatic breast cancer signs depend on the organs or parts of the body to which the cancer has progressed. In some cases, there are no prior signs of metastatic breast cancer. Here are some common signs of metastatic breast cancer: A lump in the breast or the underarm is the most common symptom. It denotes that the breast or chest wall might be affected. Other symptoms include discharge from the nipple and pain. Metastatic breast cancer might also affect the bones. In such a case, symptoms include pain, fracture, and constipation. High calcium levels may cause decreased alertness which is a metastatic breast cancer sign. If the cancer affects the brain or the spinal cord, the individual may experience pain; headache; loss of memory; difficulty with speech, vision, and movement; or seizures. If it progresses to the lungs, metastatic breast cancer signs may include breathing difficulties or shortness of breath, chest pain, and fatigue. When symptoms include nausea, swelling of hands and feet due to accumulation of fluid, itchy skin, yellowing skin, or increased fatigue, it usually denotes that the cancer has progressed to the liver. Treatment Research is ongoing for better treatment of metastatic breast cancer. The treatment available today seeks to prolong survival and relieve cancer-related symptoms. Systematic therapy is the most common treatment for metastatic breast cancer. However, in some circumstances, surgery or radiation may also be required. You should talk to your doctor regarding the appropriate treatment. Systematic Therapy This treatment includes chemotherapy, endocrine therapy, and/or biologic agents depending on the nature and size of the tumor and specific symptoms. The kind of therapy to be implemented also depends on the status of hormone-receptors, i.e., estrogen and/or progesterone receptors. Metastatic breast cancer patients who are hormone-receptor positive may be treated with anti-estrogen therapy. It is also known as endocrine therapy. Hormone-receptor negative patients aren't candidates for this therapy. Hormone-receptor positive patients may also undergo the tamoxifen therapy. Tamoxifen is a pill which is commonly prescribed for pre-menopausal women and patients with breast cancer at an advanced stage. It is a first-line endocrine therapy. Surgery And Radiation Therapy In case of certain symptoms or complications such as spinal cord fracture or herniation risk, a specific lesion may require treatment. It may require surgery or radiation therapy to treat or decrease the progression of the cancer from the affected area. This approach of treatment is tailored to be patient-specific. You should consult your doctor without delay if you notice signs of metastatic breast cancer. Your doctor might require you to participate in clinical trials and consultation sessions to determine the best treatment approach.