Respiratory disorders – an overview

The respiratory function is carried out by specialized organs. These organs consist of an air intake, the nose, a pre-warming and filtering area, the sinuses and an opening into the mouth, the pharynx, the larynx or the voice box and the trachea. The trachea divides into two at its lower end into the bronchi which in turn enters the respective lungs. Each bronchus subdivides into bronchioles and further into alveoli which are then walled bags likes bunches of grapes. Their walls are well supplied with capillary blood vessels.

Transfer of oxygen into the blood and carbon dioxide into the air happens passively by diffusion. The act of respiration generally takes place passively and is involuntary most of the time and is an automatic affair. The muscular wall that separates the thoracic cavity from the abdomen, the diaphragm, flattens increasing the volume of the chest cavity thus reducing the pressure. The pressure difference between the outside and the chest cavity makes to rush in. Expiration happens when the diaphragm contracts pushing it into the chest.

Respiratory disorders
Respiratory disorders are classified into two different categories depending on which part of the system is affected as upper respiratory tract and lower organs. The upper tract consists of the organs up to the beginning of the trachea. The other classification is based on the cause of the disorder as ‘Obstructive’ conditions and ‘Restrictive’ conditions, and ‘Vascular’ diseases. Obstructive diseases are asthma, bronchitis and emphysema. Restrictive conditions are sarcoidosis, fibrosis, alveolar damages pleural effusion and vascular conditions are pulmonary edema, pulmonary hypertension, pulmonary embolism.

The other diseases are of nerves and muscles of respiration, cancer and diseases caused by infections and environmental factors.

COPD (Chronic Oppressive Disease) – Chronic irritation of the lungs leads to the whole of the disorders under this group. One can acquire any one or more of the conditions at the same time. Constant irritation leads to the chronic constriction of the air passages.
Chronic bronchitis – Any irritant reaches the lower respiratory tract it will cause the bronchi and lower tracts to secrete mucus. Generally, cough follows and throws out the mucus along with the irritants.
Emphysema – Emphysema is the result of the breakingdown of the alveoli reducing the area for gas exchange.
Asthma is the periodic constriction of the bronchi and bronchioles making breathing difficult. Infections can be viral or bacterial. Alveoli gets filled with fluid and gas transfer reduces. Out of control cases can be fatal.

    RECENT ARTICLE

  • Get parts for your motorcycle for cheap from ebay
  • 6 common causes of breast pain
  • Home remedies for sebaceous cyst treatment
  • 5 popular types of glass-top desks for your workplace

YOU MAY ALSO LIKE

  • 5 reasons why you should buy a desktop computer
    In the age of fast performing laptops, the preference for desktop computers has considerably reduced. Computer users now prefer laptops due to the mobility advantage it offers. However, this does not mean that desktop computers have gone out of production. There are still people buying desktop computer systems and here are some reasons why you should consider buying them too. Apart from the mobility feature, another reason why people opt for laptops is that they have new and advanced features. There is also a misconception that you cannot get these systems on your desktop computers. The good news is that you can get this advanced computer software even on your desktop systems. These upgrades are cheap and will definitely cost the user less than what he would have to spend on a laptop. These upgrades save you money as well as offer you the efficient performance you are looking for making it one of the best desktop computers. Another advantage of buying a desktop computer is that they offer a faster processor as compared to laptops or tablets. These are efficient and are amazing for the prices they come at. Even the best desktop computers are cheaper and more efficient as compared to laptops. If you are a gamer, then opting for a desktop computer over a laptop would be ideal as they offer the kind of performance and features that support gaming. It lets you accommodate a powerful graphics card that gives an absolutely wonderful gaming experience. If you are worried about the maintenance and repair aspect of owning a PC, then you can breathe a sigh of relief. These are easy to maintain and repair. They can be opened easily for inspection and assembled again without any hassle. With some of the best desktop computers available in the market, there is a wide range of software that runs more efficiently on desktop computers. These are mainly creative software like Photoshop, Premier, and After Effects among others. Choosing from one of the best desktop computers available can be very beneficial if you know your needs and are aware of the model you are buying.
  • Laminate flooring: Your new 3D floor
    Home construction has experienced a sea change from traditional brick and mortar or wood building, to mobile or even prefabricated homes, which are assembled in a factory setting and moved to a site of your choice. But for most of us, we never thought we would see the day when you home is printed. Yes, you heard it right, printed! Appearing in the mid 1990s, 3D printing, or additive manufacturing, is a process where objects of almost any shape or size are printed layer by layer, till they reach their intended final form. Experts predict that 3D printing will be the future, the third industrial revolution that will eventually replace most traditional factory manufacturing methods. Now that the process is in place, the possibilities are endless! While the first decade of this century saw simple nuts and bolts printed out, today we are looking at 3D printed homes! 3D printed homes are springing up all across the country, with some small homes taking a ridiculously small amount of time to create, sometimes as little as 24 hours! Apart from cost and time advantages, some people look at 3D printed homes as a way to reuse the tons of plastic floating around in our oceans, putting them to good long-term use. If all this sounds too futuristic for you, you will be surprised to realize how 3D printed objects may be around you, right this moment. Even the laminate flooring under your feet that you dote upon is 3D printed. Precision 3D printing is what makes it possible to give you laminate flooring that accurately mimic the looks of wood or stone. If you do not wish to have a hardwood floor, that might be ruined by water or are too scared to walk on tiles when it has water on it, then your options for availing a good flooring is limited. But, do not forget that you are living in the modern age. You can have a 3D printed floor in the form of a laminate flooring. You can still get a hardwood floor or a graphite tiled flooring with the help of laminate flooring. The key idea behind laminate flooring is imitation! You can imitate your favorite patterns in these awesome flooring. 3D printing has immense use especially in modular housing, with its pre-loaded designs and emphasis on quick creation. With today's customized, free open-source architectural designs, just a bit of research makes it possible for you to visualize, personalize and print an entire home, for a fraction of the cost of traditional building. A labor-intensive, cost-intensive process has been reduced to the arena of play and fun. We are living the future as predicted ages back. Only a suave work of laminate flooring can give the impression that you have revamped your home.
  • Foods that help reduce the risk of melanoma
    Melanoma is a form of skin cancer that develops in the cells that produce melanin. Melanoma can also form in the eyes and, in rare cases, the nose or throat. The cause of the condition is unknown, but there are many factors that can contribute to its development. In this article, we shall discuss how certain foods affect melanoma. Continue reading to see which ones can help you fight this condition. Foods with high protein content When it comes to managing melanoma, it is important to add protein-rich foods to your meals. This is because protein is one of the building blocks of the human body, and they contribute to a lot of essential body functions. Proteins help with repairing cells and rebuilding tissue. They also help strengthen the immune system and help the body recover from illnesses. Whole grains Whole grains are an essential part of a healthy lifestyle. They are a great source of both fiber and carbohydrates that help the body stay energized. Individuals can add foods like oatmeal and brown rice to their meals instead of processed and refined grains. Fruits and vegetables Fruits and vegetables are rich sources of nutrients, antioxidants, and vitamins. Antioxidants found in many fruits and vegetables protect the body from damage caused by free radicals. Certain fruits and vegetables also have lycopene, an antioxidant that protects the skin from sun damage. Foods with healthy fat content When it comes to avoiding and fighting melanoma, people can also try adding foods with healthy fat content such as omega-3 fatty acids to their meals. This is because omega-3 fatty acids inhibit COX-2, which promotes the progression of skin cancer in the body. Omega-3 fatty acids also help reduce inflammation and help the body stay healthy. It is recommended to try adding foods such as salmon, sardines, walnuts, and flaxseed to get the required amounts of omega-3 fatty acids. Those who suffer from melanoma also need to take medications to keep the condition in check. Common medications include: OPDIVO® OPDIVO®, also known as nivolumab, is a prescription medication that is used to treat advanced melanoma. The medication is often prescribed in combination with YERVOY®. Common side effects of children include bone pain, change in taste, and mouth sores. Dacarbazine Dacarbazine is used to treat melanoma that has spread to other parts of the body. Common side effects include nausea, vomiting, flushing, and flu-like symptoms.
  • Remedies to reduce your cholesterol levels

    Cholesterol is a component essential for your bodily functions and is both good and bad in a way. Too much cholesterol can lead to health problems and sever complications in the long run; however, too little can hamper healthy growth of skins, organs, and other bodily functions.

    Maintaining a delicate balance can be tricky, which has to be done with the right combination of diet and exercise. Medications and proper treatment will always help, but there are healthier alternatives available in the form of a few simple home remedies to help reduce your cholesterol levels gradually and get it back under control, just in case your cholesterol levels are off the charts!

    Get a lot of vitamin C: Vitamin C is a strong antioxidant which helps reduce inflammation and tackle the bad cholesterol which is a low-density lipoprotein (LDL). Fruits like citrus; oranges; grapefruit; lemons; kiwi; papaya; strawberries; pineapple; cantaloupe; and sweet bell pepper and vegetables such as cabbage; cauliflower; broccoli; kale; and sweet potatoes are among many others which are all rich in vitamin C.

    Drink green tea: The damaged low-density lipoprotein, which is also known as bad cholesterol, is not good for the body. There are a number of ways to break this down and green tea has properties which help reduce and break down the low-density lipoprotein effectively to control cholesterol levels.

    Oats: Oats has always been not so popular remedy because of the bland taste of oatmeal. Since you are trying to eat healthily, it is also not advisable to put sugar in the oatmeal mix. So essentially milk with oatmeal does not have a very appealing taste and the texture and consistency of the mix do not help either. However, oatmeal is the best way to tackle cholesterol levels by having it regularly for breakfast. Studies and research have shown that oatmeal immensely helps in breaking down the fats in cholesterol and also helps curb the bad cholesterol present in the bloodstream, commonly known as low-density lipoprotein.

    Red wine: Now here is an interesting beverage which also surprisingly helpful in controlling cholesterol levels overall. Red wine has a number of properties which helps reduce the low-density lipoprotein levels and research have shown a significant reduction in levels of up to 12%.

    There are a number of home remedies available online, with similar easy to make and use recipes to help cut down on the cholesterol levels.

  • Things to know about electric cables
    Electric cables are a group of wires sheathed together to transport electrical energy between two points. These cables are of different types and use various materials, depending on the purpose. They also come in multiple colors and sizes. If you are about to work on any electrical project and are looking for the best electric cables, here are a few things you need to understand about them so that you can buy the right ones. Cable size The cable’s size is determined by the gauge of the wire within it. Electric cables are numbered in such a way that a thicker one would have a smaller wire gauge. The number of wires is also mentioned, along with the size. For example, a 10/3 cable means there are three 10-gauge wires in it. The only exception to this rule is the ground wire, which is only denoted by the letter “G.” Color The cable’s insulation color can vary depending on the wire material. The colors indicate if a cable consists of neutral, active, or earth conductors. Besides, the colors also change based on the location where the cable can be used. However, active wires are never given light blue, yellow, green, or black colors. That said, there is no standard color used across the globe. Voltage categories Electricity is measured in volts. So electric cables can be segregated by the number of volts they can conduct. The types are:
    • Low voltage Low voltage cables can be divided into two types: those that can carry up to 750V (used in applications and are generally covered with thermoset and thermoplastic coatings) and those that can carry up to 1,000V (used in infrastructures and public installations for industrial power installations). A few kinds of low voltage cables include armored cables, power cables, fire-resistant cables, halogen-free cables, rubber cables, solar cables, and so on.
    • Medium voltage These cables can carry between 1kV and 36kV of electrical energy. They are the best electric cables to carry current from electrical substations to transformer stations. A few medium voltage cables are RHZ1, HEPRZ1, MV-90, and RHVhMVh, among others.
    • High voltage Any electrical cable that can transport above 36kV of energy is considered a high voltage cable. They are generally used to transport electricity to electrical substations from generating power plants.
    Understanding these factors can help you select the best electric cables for your project and avoid confusion when wiring your home.
  • 4 amazing laptop deals to check out now
    Back-to-school season is officially here, and that means it’s time for some back-to-school shopping. Since most of our schoolwork has migrated online these days, a quality laptop and high-speed internet have become basic necessities for any student. Selecting the right laptop for your needs is crucial to get the most out of your purchase. Thankfully, searching for a good laptop at a reasonable price isn’t stressful anymore. Here are the best laptop deals in 2021. Apple MacBook Air Although this option is more expensive than the others on this list, we highly recommend buying the Apple MacBook Air if you can. The latest version features the M1 processor and an eight-core CPU, which is much faster than the previous renditions of the MacBook. Moreover, it's currently available on Amazon for just $849.99, a far cry from its list price of $999. Dell Vostro 5510 Dell has been stepping up its game in terms of making powerful laptops for really competitive prices. The Dell Vostro 5510 features the 11th gen Intel Core in a quad-core CPU processor with 8GB RAM and a 256GB SSD. Moreover, you don't have to walk around with your charger everywhere you go with this laptop; its ExpressCharge feature allows you to charge up to 80 percent in just an hour. The device is currently being retailed for a special price of $699.00 on Dell's website, almost half of its original cost. Acer Chromebook 311 If you're looking for a highly affordable laptop, consider the Acer Chromebook 311. It features an Intel Celeron N4020 processor, 4 GB RAM, and a 32 GB eMMC. It's also incredibly slim and light, an excellent choice for those who need to take it to school every day and would prefer something less bulky. Moreover, it's easy on your wallet, too, making it one of the best laptop deals in 2021. The Acer Chromebook 311 is available at Walmart for a fantastic price of around $203. Lenovo 14 S330 Chromebook The Lenovo 14 S330 Chromebook is a two-in-one laptop that can be fully flipped back and used as a tablet. It features a dual-core Intel Celeron N4000 processor, 4GB RAM, and 32GB eMMC SSD, along with an Intel UHD Graphics 600. You can get this fantastic laptop at Walmart for approximately $199, almost $100 less than its actual price. Chromebooks are some of the best laptops for students. They are ideal for users who do not need to run multiple software simultaneously. Chromebooks are not susceptible to malware as compared to other laptops in a similar price range. The Google Pixelbook Go is considered to be one of the best Chromebooks from Google. This Google laptop can be purchased on sale on multiple online shopping sites, with the average price being anywhere between $649 to $999.